Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus

Endemic typhus (murine typhus) is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia typhi and is transmitted by fleas that infest rats, especially during exposure in rat-infested premises, such as warehouses, stores, and grain elevators. Flea-infested rats can be found throughout the year in humid tropical environments, especially in harbour or riverine environments. In temperate regions, they are most common during the warm summer months.

Limiting exposure to vectors or animal reservoirs remains the best means for reducing the risk of disease. Risk for travellers is low.  Persons who are occupationally exposed to rats ( naturalists, geologists, agricultural workers) should avoid vector-infested habitats, use repellents and wear protective clothing.

Risk of Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus is present in the following countries:



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